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The Chemistry of Cleaning

INTRODUCTION  The essential part of our daily lives which we often take for granted is cleaning and hygiene. Only chemistry could make this process of cleaning possible as from the soap we use to wash our hands to the shampoo we use to clean our hair,all involves complex chemical methods which could be explained by the complex chemistry. All these cleaning agents are an integral part of our lives thus it is important to understand their chemistry to be better aware of the products we use. The chemistry of soaps,shampoos and detergents is quite a field of fascination which involves study of surfactants,emulsifiers and other chemical compounds. These compounds are designed in such a way that they interact and manipulate the properties of water,oil and dirt thus making it possibleto remove the impurities and the surface gets cleaned. The crucial role is played by surfactants in the chemistry of cleaning. These molecules have both hydrophobic(water repellent) and hydrophili...

Unveiling the World of Fungi

INTRODUCTION  The group of organisms which are fascinating as well as shrouded in mystery for centuries are the Fungi. From the magnificent mushrooms that tower above the ground in forests to the microscopic yeast which ferments our bread,Fungi are an essential part of our world. They are the most diverse group of organisms with over 100,000 known species,  but still they remain the least understood and unnoticed. Despite their abundance,Fungi are mostly overlooked and underappreciated,they are mostly viewed as pests or pathogens,rather than the vital components of our ecosystem which they actually are. Fungi play a very important role in maintaining the delicate balance of nature as they are the primary decomposers of organic matter,recycle the nutrients and return them into the soil.  They can even form symbiotic relationships with the plants and provides essential nutrients to plants in exchange of carbohydrates.And, they are even the source of ...