INTRODUCTION In nineteenth century, theory of evolution by natural selection was first outlined by Charles Darwin and his observations were rooted in remote islands,fossil records and the slow passage of geological time. For many,evolution became synonymous with ancient history which was: •Dinosaurs giving way to mammals. •Early hominins gradually became modern human beings. But now evolution is not just confined to a distant past. It is an ongoing and dynamic process—in the modern world of today,the most powerful laboratory for it is not any jungle or an island chain, but our very own cities. Urban Environments are among the most rapidly changing ecosystem on the planet. In just a centuries or we could say in just few decades at some places,humans have turned green landscapes into dense network of concrete,glass,steel and artificial lights. These changes have imposed intense and novel selective pressures on the organism that live alongside us. As a result,...
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