Supernatural Science

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INVENTIONS  1. Spectrophotometry (19th century) -Spectrophotometry is considerd as  a powerful tool for chemical analysis as it is a scientific technique which can be used to measure the interaction between light and matter. -It functions by measuring the amount of light which can be absorbed or transmitted by a sample, that can provide valuable information about the sample's composition, concentration, and properties. -It works on the following Principle: • Light source : Lamp or laser are used as a light source which emits a beam of light and that beam is directed towards the sample. • Sample preparation :Dissolving a sample in a solvent or placing it in a specialized container give us a prepared sample for observation. • Light absorption or transmission : As soon as the light beam interacts with the sample, the amount of light absorbed or transmitted is measured. • Detector : Photodiode or photomultiplier tube devices are used to...

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY INVENTIONS  1. Haber-Bosch Process (1909):   -It is a method that brought revolution in the production of ammonia. Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gases are used to produce ammonia (NH3).  -German chemist Fritz Haber and engineer Carl Bosch in the early 20th century developed this process which had a profound impact on the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other chemicals. - In 1904, by using a combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases Fritz Haber experimented the production of ammonia. -However in 1909,He achieved a breakthrough as he was able to develope a process which by using high pressure and temperature converted nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia. -Commercial-scale production of ammonia was made possible in 1913 by the efforts of,an engineer at BASF, Carl Bosch who jointly worked with Haber thus scaling up the process. -The ammonia produced by this process is used to manufacture fertilizers like amm...

OPTICS AND PHOTONICS  1. Telescope (1608):  -An optical instrument which allows us to observe and study distant objects in the universe like stars,planets,galaxies and other celestial bodies. -A Dutch spectacle maker Hans Lippershey in 1608 discoverd the first practical Telescope. -However,in 1609 an Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei improved his design and created a more powerful and accurate Telescope. -Over the years, many significant changes has been done to increase it's effectiveness and reliability. -It is used for Astronomical research, exploration of the space by scientists,for studying the Earth's atmosphere which improves weather forecasting,for inspiration of people about astronomy and universe. -It works on the following principles: •Light collection:It collects light from a distant object like stars or planet. • Focus and magnification: The light collected is focused and magnified by the telescopes optics thus creating an image. •Observat...

Classical Physics Wonders Gravity: It is the force by which any body or planet draws object towards its center. It is this force that keeps us on ground and work as an aid for planets to be in their orbits around sun. Sir Isaac Newton discovered Gravity when he saw a falling apple while thinking about forces of nature.He determined each and every object has Gravitational Force in it. Gravity has many important functions like : - On earth Gravity gives weight to physical objects. -It helps to guide the growth of plants. -It influence the fluid circulation in organisms. - Moon's gravity is responsible for sublunar tides in the oceans. Electromagnetism : It is the force by which electrically charged particles interact with each other in the presence of a magnetic field. The field can be static,slowly,changing or in the form of a wave,these waves are transverse in nature. Hans Christian Oersted ,a Danish Scientist discovered electromagnetism in 1820. He, through his exper...