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Unveiling the diseases affecting KIDNEY

INTRODUCTION 

The two organs precisely of a bean shape are located in the lower back of the body playing an essential role in overall health of the body as they work unconditionally to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood,regulates electrolyte levels,produce hormones which control blood pressure,maintains bone health and production of red blood cells.These orgabs being so important are often overlooked until the problem arises.
The diseases of kidneys are also known as naphropathies,the conditions which damage the kidneys ability to function properly,these diseases can be acute,developing suddenly or chronic that is progressing gradually over time.
According to the estimation of National Kidney Foundation,more than 37 million Americans suffer from chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and millions more are at risk.Such type of diseases can be caused by combination of factors like Lifestyle, genetic and environmental issues.
Approximately 70% of the cases of kidney disease are due to daibetes and high blood pressure.
These diseases not only have impact on individuals but also affect their families communities and Healthcare system as well.They can lead to serious complications which includes kidney failure,cardiovascular diseases and an increased rate of mortality.
Despite their significance many people are still unaware of the risks and consequences of these diseases.This lack of awareness lead to delay in diagnosis and treatment thus it is quite essential to educate people about health of the kidney and its prevention.
In this blog we will look into the various diseases if kidney,their causes, symptoms,diagnosis,treatments and options for preventing them so that people can take proactive steps to protect their kidney health and reduce the risks of developing these conditions.


TYPES OF KIDNEY DISEASES 
The diseases of kidney are of several types depending on their causes,symptoms and treatment options.
Some of the common kidney diseases are as follows:
☆Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
The kidney loses its functions gradually over a period of time and it is often caused by daibetes,high blood pressure or family history.
☆Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 
The kidneys loses their functions suddenly due to some medication,illness or injury.
☆Kidney Stones 
The formation of small,hard mineral deposits in the kidneys often caused by dehydration,genetics or diet.
☆Glomerulonephritis 
The filtering units of the kidney known as glomeruli suffers from inflammation due to infection,autoimmune disorders or genetics
☆Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) 
It is a genetic disorder in which cysts develops in the kidneys leading to their failure.
☆Diabetic Nephropathy 
Kidneys gets damaged by the diabetes often leading to failure of the kidney.
☆Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
Kidneys gets damaged by high blood pressure often leading to failure of the kidney.
☆Iga Nephropathy 
It is an autoimmune disorder in which kidneys filtering units glomeruli suffers from inflammation 
☆Lupus Nephritis
It is also one of the autoimmune disorders in which kidneys suffers from inflammation caused by Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
☆End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
It is considered as the final stage of the kidney disease in which Dialysis or kidney transplantation is required.
Understanding different types of diseases can help individuals seek proper medical attention and can take steps to prevent damage of the kidney.

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS 
The diseases of kidneys can be caused by several factors including unhealthy lifestyle,genetics or environmental issues. However some of the common causes and risk factors are:
☆Lifestyle factors
•High sugar levels in the blood can cause damage to blood vessels of the kidney.
•Uncontrollable high blood pressure also causes damage to blood vessels of kidney.
•Smoking can also damage the blood vessels and increases the risk of kidney diseases.
•Obesity can also become one of the causes of kidney disease.
•A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing a kidney disease.
☆Genetic Factors 
•An individual is at high risk of developing a kidney diseases if someone from the family has it.
•Some genetic disorders include PKD that us Polycystic Kidney Disease in which cysts form in the kidneys.
•Alport syndrome one of thd genetic disorder can increase the risk of kidbey disease.
☆Environmental factors 
•If a person is exposed to toxins like heavy metals and pesticides then the chances of developing a kidney disease increases.
•Some medications like NSAID's and certain antibiotics can increase the risk of developing a kidney disease.
•Some infections like that of pyelonephritis can increase the risk of developing a kidney disease.
☆Medical Conditions 
•Having a heart disease also increases the risk of developing a kidney disease.
•High levels of cholesterol increases the risk of developing a kidney disease.
•Some autoimmune disorders like lupus also increases the risk of developing a kidney disease.
☆Other factors
•With an increasing age,the risk if developing a kidney disease increases.
•Men are more prone towards these diseases than women.


SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS 
☆Frequent Indicators:
•Tiredness 
•Edema in legs, ankles, and feet 
•Vomiting and nausea 
•Urinating often 
•Urine with blood 
•Discomfort in the back or flanks 
☆Testing for Diagnosis:
•Tests on blood (urea, creatinine) 
•Tests of urine (blood, protein) 
• Imaging examinations (ultrasound, CT scan, MRI) 
• Renal biopsy 
•Test for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
Timely identification and intervention can assist in reducing or stopping the advancement of kidney disease. 


TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
☆Medications:
•Medications for blood pressure 
•Medications for diabetes 
•Medications that reduce cholesterol levels 
•Drugs aimed at lowering proteinuria 
☆Modifications in Lifestyle:
•Nutritious meal plan (reduced sodium, low in protein) 
• Consistent physical activity 
•Decreasing stress 
• Stopping smoking 
☆Alternate Therapies:
•Kidney treatment (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) 
• Renal transplant surgery 
• Operation (for renal calculi or additional issues) 
☆Alternative Treatments:
•Needle therapy 
•Plant-based supplements 
• Therapies for the mind and body 
A healthcare professional will collaborate with the individual to create a customized treatment plan.

PREVENTION AND AWARENESS 

☆Tactics for Prevention:
• Keep blood pressure and blood sugar levels healthy. 
•Keep hydrated and consume a lot of water. 
•Consume a healthy diet that is low in sodium and protein. 
•Engage in regular physical activity 
•Avoid smoking 
☆Awareness:
•Undergo testing for kidney disease if you are at risk. 
•Understand kidney disease and its associated risk factors. 
•Exchange insights with relatives and companions. 
•Aid in research and awareness initiatives for kidney disease 
Proactive awareness and prevention can aid in lowering the risk of kidney disease and its complications. 




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